Zapytanie hierarchiczne Oracle

możesz osiągnąć pożądany rezultat za pomocą connect by (i funkcji CONNECT_BY_ROOT który zwraca wartość kolumny węzła głównego):

SQL> WITH users AS (
  2     SELECT 1 user_id, (null) PARENT FROM dual
  3     UNION ALL SELECT 2, 1 FROM dual
  4     UNION ALL SELECT 3, 1 FROM dual
  5     UNION ALL SELECT 4, 3 FROM dual
  6  ), permissions AS (
  7     SELECT 'A' permission, 1 user_id FROM dual
  8     UNION ALL SELECT 'B', 3 FROM dual
  9  )
 10  SELECT lpad('*', 2 * (LEVEL-1), '*')||u.user_id u,
 11         u.user_id, connect_by_root(permission) permission
 12    FROM users u
 13    LEFT JOIN permissions p ON u.user_id = p.user_id
 14  CONNECT BY u.PARENT = PRIOR u.user_id
 15   START WITH p.permission IS NOT NULL
 16  ORDER SIBLINGS BY user_id;

U         USER_ID PERMISSION
--------- ------- ----------
3               3 B
**4             4 B
1               1 A
**2             2 A
**3             3 A
****4           4 A