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Kristina Chodorow podaje szczegółowy przepis na dokładnie to zadanie w jej książce MongoDB:The Definitive Guide :

Nie znam Mongoose, ale poniżej próbowałem dostosować jej przykład do twojego przypadku. Uwaga Zmieniłem createdAt default właściwość z wartości do funkcji i dodano dodatkowe pole datestamp do Twojego schematu:

var oneday = 24 * 60 * 60;

var schema = new Schema({
  aid: { type: Number }
, name: { type: String }
, score: { type: Number }

  // default: is a function and called every time; not a one-time value!
, createdAt: { type: Date, default: Date.now }

  // For grouping by day; documents created on same day should have same value
, datestamp: { type: Number
             , default: function () { return Math.floor(Date.now() / oneday); }
             }
});


schema.statics.getLastWeek = function(name, fn) {
    var oneweekago = Date.now() - (7 * oneday);

    ret = this.collection.group({
          // Group by this key. One document per unique datestamp is returned.
          key: "datestamp"
          // Seed document for each group in result array.
        , initial: { "createdAt": 0 }
          // Update seed document if more recent document found.
        , reduce: function(doc, prev) {
              if (doc.createdAt > prev.createdAt) {
                prev.createdAt = doc.createdAt;
                prev.score = doc.score;

                // Add other fields, if desired:
                prev.name = doc.name;
              }
          // Process only documents created within past seven days
        , condition: { "createdAt" : {"$gt": oneweekago} }
        }});

   return ret.retval;

   // Note ret, the result of group() has other useful fields like:
   // total "count" of documents,
   // number of unique "keys",
   // and "ok" is false if a problem occurred during group()

);