PostgreSQL wybiera najnowszy wpis dla danego identyfikatora

Jest na to około 5 różnych sposobów, ale oto jeden:

SELECT *
FROM yourTable AS T1 
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
    SELECT *
    FROM yourTable AS T2
    WHERE T2.ID = T1.ID AND T2.Date > T1.Date
)

A oto kolejny:

SELECT T1.*
FROM yourTable AS T1
LEFT JOIN yourTable AS T2 ON
(
    T2.ID = T1.ID 
    AND T2.Date > T1.Date
)
WHERE T2.ID IS NULL

Jeszcze jedno:

WITH T AS (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY ID ORDER BY Date DESC) AS rn
    FROM yourTable
)
SELECT * FROM T WHERE rn = 1

Ok, daję się ponieść emocjom, oto ostatni, który opublikuję (na razie):

WITH T AS (
    SELECT ID, MAX(Date) AS latest_date
    FROM yourTable
    GROUP BY ID
)
SELECT yourTable.*
FROM yourTable
JOIN T ON T.ID = yourTable.ID AND T.latest_date = yourTable.Date