Coś jak
SELECT *
FROM notificationTable notification
LEFT JOIN commentTable comment
ON (notification.typeID = comment.ID AND notification.type == 'comment')
LEFT JOIN evenTable event
ON (notification.typeID = event.ID AND notification.type == 'accept')
WHERE notification.userID = 2
Ale zdecydowanie zalecam przeprojektowanie systemu, aby uniknąć relacji polimorficznych...