Przypadek/jeśli/to MySQL

Myślę, że masz na myśli to, że jeśli stock > 1000 potem inny kolor not green .

SELECT  Beer.Beer, 
        Beer.Brewery, 
        Beer.Style, 
        Beer.ABV, 
        Beer.Hops, 
        Beer.SRM,
        Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) totalQuantity,
        CASE WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) < 0 THEN ''
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 0 AND 999 THEN 'Red'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 1000 AND 4999 THEN 'Yellow'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 5000 AND 9999 THEN 'GREEN'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) >= 10000 THEN 'Another Color' 
        END
FROM    Beer
        INNER JOIN BeerStock
            ON Beer.Beer = BeerStock.Beer
-- Where    ..other conditions..

ale jeśli naprawdę tak myślisz,

SELECT  Beer.Beer, 
        Beer.Brewery, 
        Beer.Style, 
        Beer.ABV, 
        Beer.Hops, 
        Beer.SRM,
        Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) totalQuantity,
        CASE WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) < 0 THEN ''
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 0 AND 999 THEN 'Red'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 1000 AND 4999 THEN 'Yellow'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) >= 5000 THEN 'GREEN'
        END
FROM    Beer
        INNER JOIN BeerStock
            ON Beer.Beer = BeerStock.Beer
-- Where    ..other conditions..

Jeszcze jedno, musisz również użyć GROUP BY w przeciwnym razie zwrócisz tylko jeden rekord, nawet jeśli masz różne rekordy,

SELECT  Beer.Beer, 
        Beer.Brewery, 
        Beer.Style, 
        Beer.ABV, 
        Beer.Hops, 
        Beer.SRM,
        Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) totalQuantity,
        CASE WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) < 0 THEN ''
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 0 AND 999 THEN 'Red'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 1000 AND 4999 THEN 'Yellow'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) BETWEEN 5000 AND 9999 THEN 'GREEN'
            WHEN Sum(BeerStock.Quantity) >= 10000 THEN 'Another Color' 
        END
FROM    Beer
        INNER JOIN BeerStock
            ON Beer.Beer = BeerStock.Beer
-- Where    ..other conditions..
GROUP   BY Beer.Beer, 
        Beer.Brewery, 
        Beer.Style, 
        Beer.ABV, 
        Beer.Hops, 
        Beer.SRM