Coś w tym stylu. Nie znam twojego dokładnego schematu:
select
p.id,
if(IS NULL d2.description, d1.description, d2.description ) `description`
from product p
join productDetails d1
on product.id = productDetails.product_id
and
productDetails.language = 'default_lang'
left join productDetails d2
on product.id = productDetails.product_id
and
productDetails.language = 'en'